The word neurodivergence has become a word that is used to describe differences in how brains operate. Neurodivergence is an inclusive word that allows for people to view brain differences as a diverse way of neurological wiring rather than “broken,” “abnormal,” or something that needs to be “fixed.” Some of the neurodivergent brains include autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and many others. To understand neurodivergence it is important to look at it through a medical lens, psychological lens but more importantly an intersectional lens. Intersectionality encompasses race, gender, sexuality, and much more. In this week’s blog we will be learning about what neurodivergence is and the importance of embracing it.
What is Neurodivergence?
The term neurodivergent was coined by sociologist Judy Singer in the late 1990s. It refers to individuals whose neurological functioning is different from what is considered “neurotypical.” This includes those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, Tourette syndrome, and more.
In recent years there has been a push for the neurodiversity movement, which argues that these differences are not inherently disorders but part of the natural range of human cognition [1]. Neurodivergence isn’t something to “fix.” It’s something to understand and embrace. Many people are working on embracing their neurodivergence and naming it a superpower.
Medical vs. Social Models of Disability
Traditionally, society has leaned on the Western Medical Model of Disability which sees neurodivergence as a problem to be diagnosed, fixed, and treated. In contrast, the Social Model suggests that much of the difficulty neurodivergent people face comes from societal structures, pressures, norms and not from their brains.
For instance, a person with ADHD may struggle in a school setting that views restlessness as problematic but may thrive in fast-paced, creative environments. Likewise, an autistic person might find inflexible office structures overwhelming, and at the same time excel in a quiet, independent work space.
Moving toward the social model encourages us to rethink how we build schools, workplaces, and communities, and who they’re designed to serve, which is usually neurotypical individuals [2]. The Western medical model of disability has been putting negative stigma on individuals who are neurodivergent. The social model is here to empower neurodivergent individuals.
Intersectionality: An Important Piece
The conversation around neurodivergence is not complete without intersectionality, a framework coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw. It recognizes how overlapping identities such as being Black, Brown, Indigenous, or LGBTQIA+ affect how someone experiences both privilege and oppression.
Neurodivergent BIPOC Experiences
For Black and Brown neurodivergent individuals, navigating neurodivergence often means dealing with misdiagnosis, underdiagnosis, or punishment instead of support. Research shows that Black children in the U.S. are less likely to be diagnosed with autism or ADHD early and more likely to be labeled as having behavioral problems, defiant children or problem children [3].
Cultural stigma around mental health and neurological differences in some communities can also make it harder to seek or access support. Language barriers, socioeconomic status, and systemic racism in healthcare and education systems all add to the problem and disconnect.
Additionally, many diagnostic tools were designed and studied primarily on white populations, which may lead to biased interpretations of behavior in BIPOC individuals. Many diagnostic tools also do not keep in mind the cultural aspects of many cultures making it difficult to be accessible and equitable for all.
Neurodivergence in LGBTQIA+ Communities
There’s also significant overlap between neurodivergent and LGBTQIA+ identities. Studies have found higher rates of autism and ADHD in queer and trans populations. The reasons are not understood yet but some theorize that neurodivergent individuals may be more likely to question societal norms including those related to gender and sexuality. Others point to overlapping experiences of social marginalization.
However, LGBTQIA+ neurodivergent individuals face complex challenges. They may encounter gatekeeping in mental health systems, lack of gender affirming care, or environments that invalidate one identity in favor of treating another.
Being both neurodivergent and LGBTQIA+ can create a “double coming out” experience. Someone might have to explain not just their gender identity, but also their sensory needs or communication style. It’s overwhelming, especially in environments that are not supportive.
Creating Inclusive Spaces
How can we support neurodivergent people in ways that also recognize racial, cultural, and gender diversity?
1. Culturally Competent Diagnosis and Care
Healthcare professionals must be trained to recognize how neurodivergent traits may present differently across cultures and genders. Diagnostic tools must also be re-evaluated to reflect broader populations. Cultural competence and cultural humility is important.
2. Inclusive Education
Schools need to implement anti-racist and neuroaffirming practices. This includes understanding that discipline disparities (e.g., suspending Black students at higher rates) may actually be punishing neurodivergence rather than addressing root causes and providing adequate support to students.
3. LGBTQIA+ and Neurodivergent Affirming Therapy
Mental health professionals should be equipped to support clients whose experiences span multiple identities. Gender-affirming, trauma-informed, and neurodivergent-affirming care must go hand in hand. It is important for clients to feel comfortable in the therapeutic environment.
4. Centering Lived Experience
Too often, conversations about neurodivergence are led by clinicians or educators, not neurodivergent people themselves. When you add intersectional voices like BIPOC and queer neurodivergent advocates the dialogue becomes more empowering.
The Strengths of Neurodivergent and Intersectional Minds
Let’s not forget the strengths! Neurodivergent people bring innovation, creativity, and authenticity to our world. Those at the intersection of multiple identities often develop strength, resilience, empathy, and cultural insight because they’ve had to navigate systems not designed for them.
In fact, organizations are beginning to recognize that neurodivergent talent is an asset. Companies like Microsoft, SAP, and EY have launched neurodiversity hiring programs that not only accommodate but actively seek out neurodivergent applicants—especially in tech, data, and creative industries [4].
Imagine how much more powerful those efforts could be if they also uplifted neurodivergent BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ folks, whose voices are often left out of those conversations. Their voices should be heard and centered when the conversation is speaking on their experiences and behalf.
In Summary: Neurodivergence is Human Diversity
Neurodivergence is not a flaw to fix. It’s a reminder that human minds are not meant to be the same. By embracing neurodiversity and the intersectional identities that shape it we can build a more compassionate, flexible, and innovative world.
For BIPOC, LGBTQIA+, and other historically marginalized groups, recognizing and affirming neurodivergence is not only about inclusion, but about equity and justice.
Holistic Psychological Services, Inc. is here to support anyone who finds themselves identifying with being neurodivergent, and having intersecting identities. We want to make sure the therapeutic space is a place where you feel seen, heard, and empowered.
If you’re neurodivergent, BIPOC, LGBTQIA+, or all of the above your mind isn’t broken. It’s brilliant. It’s diverse. The world just needs to catch up and do better.
References:
- Singer, J. (1999). Why can’t you be normal for once in your life? In M. Corker & S. French (Eds.), Disability Discourse. Open University Press.
- Shakespeare, T. (2006). Disability Rights and Wrongs. Routledge.
- Mandell, D. S., Wiggins, L. D., Carpenter, L. A., et al. (2009). Racial/ethnic disparities in the identification of children with autism spectrum disorders. American Journal of Public Health, 99(3), 493–498.
- Austin, R. D., & Pisano, G. P. (2017). Neurodiversity as a competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review.
Disclaimer: The content provided in this blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you are experiencing mental health challenges, please seek the advice of a qualified mental health professional. For immediate support, call 988 for 24/7 confidential assistance.